E36 Common Problems

[G4VHD]

A little bit of background on the E36, which covers the '92-'99 3 series models (with some exceptions) . . . According to Bimmer Magazine, BMW E30 (and prior) engineers used complex math equations and heavy field testing to figure out required strength and durability, then they would double or triple the outcome, resulting in a fairly bulletproof car. Not so with the E36, which proved to be somewhat less reliable than the models before or after it, for two main reasons. The E36 is the very first BMW in history to be designed on CAD, and instead of extensive testing, they relied on the program to determine how robust a part or system should be. Secondly, they were engineered with recycling in mind. Which is a bit of an irony, since many owners can make these cars last upwards of 250-300 thousand miles. That isn't to say that the E36 is a shoddy Bimmer- they do more than live up to time honored BMW tradition, as the motors are quite strong, and light years ahead of the E21/E30 powerplants, along with numerous other significant improvements in comfort and performance.

Still, many of them were poorly maintained and abused by previous owners, and as they're currently approaching the higher mileage threshold, you can expect to spend a little money restoring one. But by no means should you not consider buying one, because it's an absolute thrill to drive, and tends to be more reliable compared to other cars in its class, despite its shortcomings. Furthermore, it should be mentioned that while the following list may seem frightening, not all E36's will experience these issues, and since they typically are higher mileage cars nowadays, a lot of the problems have already been addressed by recalls and previous repairs. On to the list . . . .

Engine Bay:

-There is no doubt that the most notorious E36 issue is the water pump. 6 cylinder models up to MY ’97 were equipped with plastic impellers which would break apart and fail prematurely, stopping the coolant flow. Typical replacement interval is 60k, but they’ve been known to fail at as low as 20-30k, and often randomly. Replacement pumps employ a metal impeller. If you’re not sure that it was changed, do it anyway. Here's how.

-Clutch fan can shatter and cause extensive damage to the radiator, belts and other parts in its vicinity. A common preventative measure is to remove it using a procedure known as the Fan Delete Mod, but diligent regular inspection of the blades and timely replacement should suffice.

-The stock E36 radiator has plastic necks which can crack or break over time. Even if it looks fine, you may want to replace it, especially near the 100k mark, which is about the typical time when radiators fail. An alternative is to replace it with an all metal unit. The same goes for the plastic thermostat housing, aluminum replacements are available. Again, regular visual inspection is the key to avoiding costly damage.

-The fuel feed hose at the engine fitting can harden over time and cause seepage at that location. BMW’s recall campaign replaced the hose and clamps.

-Engine ticking can occur, particularly with older E36’s. This is characterized by a ticking sound (at idle) or the sound of marbles (under throttle) on the passenger side of the engine bay, most noticeable just after startup. It usually happens because engine oil can take some time to reach the VANOS and hydraulic lifters for lubrication. Most agree that this is normal, and is not something to worry about, unless you hear the noise all the time. In that case, the lifters may need replacement. The M50 was notorious for this lifter noise, and in severe cases BMW replaced the motor under warranty. However, on the M42, the problem is usually a failing chain tensioner, a relatively easy fix.

-Rough or poor idling is generally attributed to a dirty idle control valve, or a faulty oxygen sensor. But it can also be traced to the VANOS unit, which can get stuck in the advanced position, requiring a dealership adjustment or replacement.

-On some ’93 and earlier M42 engines, which includes both the E30 & E36 318is, the profile gasket can be eroded by coolant, leading to failure anywhere from 30-70k mi. This is a costly problem since the cylinder head has to come off so the gasket can be replaced with an upgraded version. Although using only BMW approved coolant can help slow down the process, it does not prevent the failure.

-Some European variants of the M52 engine before MY ’98 experienced premature cylinder bore wear, resulting in a loss of power and compression. This was attributed to the sulfur in gasoline, and the only solution is to replace the damaged alloy block. If you suspect you have this issue, have a compression test done.

-Drive belt idler pulley on some E36/M52 models may have been installed incorrectly during production, causing premature wear and eventual failure of the belt. This will occur during the first few hundred miles, characterized by excessive belt noise.

-Throttle valve can get stuck on some models, causing uncontrollable acceleration. This affected 1996 E36’s (410,000 units), but other years may also apply. The problem lies in both the cruise control and throttle cables, where the plastic bushing on the cable end can break, allowing the cable sleeve to get stuck. BMW issued a recall campaign for this, and the solution was to install a spring steel retainer clip on the cable ends to prevent the outer sleeve from dislodging from the bushing.

-E36/M44 engines may have bad ICV’s, creating a whistling noise, or causing a hard start or no start condition. The ICV was manufactured with incorrect tolerances between the rotary valve and the housing. The newer updated part number is 13 41 1 435 846.

-M50 engines with VANOS produced 1/92 to 8/94 may have problems starting in cold weather below 46 degrees fahrenheit, or in high altitudes. Symptoms include a check engine light, long cranking times, black smoke from exhaust, and wet spark plugs. When this occurs, the EPROM needs to be reprogrammed by the dealer (MoDiC programming software version 5.1 or higher).

Transmission & Final Drive:

-A faulty guide sleeve on the 1st & 2nd gear may cause the tranny to pop out of gear. Requires disassembly of the gearbox.

-On manual trannies, 2nd gear can completely blow out, or it may refuse to go into 5th gear when cold. Though very rare, this problem is expensive and requires a rebuild or replacement altogether.

-Squeaky clutch pedals are very common, the only solution is to replace the bushings with aftermarket parts, available from UUC Motorwerks.

-Stock transmission mounts can cause excessive vibration or movement, resulting in missed shifts and engine over revving. This problem is commonly referred to as "the money shift". A number of stiffer aftermarket mounts are available at Bimmerworld.

-Differential clutch pack retaining ring bolts can loosen or back out, eventually resulting in rear end failure. If you hear a ticking noise in the rear, have the final drive checked out.

-Some clutches shudder when 1st or 2nd gear is engaged while the car is hot, or has been driven in stop and go traffic for long periods. This is due to a non-asbestos lining on the clutch plate. BMW apparently has a new lining available; however some new owners continue to experience this shuddering.

-Flex discs (also known as Guibo couplings) can crack or shred prematurely. This coupling connects the driveline to the transmission. Characterized by a knocking under the tranny hump or a thunking noise under acceleration. Not overly difficult to replace.

Antilock Braking System:

-Faulty ABS pump motor relays manufactured prior to May ’96 can trigger the ABS warning light.

-On rare occasions, the ABS warning light may glow briefly after turning on electrical accessories. This is a sign of a hardware problem with the ABS control module, which will need replacing.

-ABS rear wheel speed sensors on ’92 E36’s had poor solder connections. If the date code is 0801 (80th day of 1991) or older, they need to be replaced.

-On some ’93 318is and 325is, six bolts which fasten the bottom cover of the ABS hydraulic unit to its housing may not have been tightened properly during production. The proper torque is 15 Nm. If it’s looser than that, the hydraulic unit is probably damaged and should be replaced.

Steering:

-Many E36's had the lower steering column replaced as a result of corrosion; there was a recall campaign for this.

-Power steering hose can leak. In worst cases, the condition eventually leads to hose failure, resulting in a loss of steering assist.

-Worn tie rod ends are often noticeable as a judder under braking. This is commonly mistaken for warped rotors as it has almost the same feel.

Suspension & Undercarriage:

-Rear shock mount failure is a very common problem, and can occur in as little as 20k miles. The symptoms begin with a dull clunking noise in the rear over bumps or rough roads, indicating that the shock piston rod has separated from the bushing mount. This can progress into metallic noises as the mount bolts shear off if not replaced in a timely fashion. The broken mounts eventually damage and tear the rear shock towers. Stronger E46 mounts along with Z3 reinforcement plates are recommended for replacement, and even better aftermarket parts are available from outfits such as Rogue Engineering and Ground Control.

-Weak front outer ball joints are typical on the E36. A common solution is to use stronger E30 control arms with ball joints preattached, simplifying the installation. All metal ball joints (Meyle) are another alternative, but at the cost of a slightly harsher ride.

-Rear inner control arm bushings are another weak spot, and should be upgraded to the tougher ’96 or newer replacements.

-Under (but not limited to) heavy racing or track conditions, the rear subframe bushing mounts can tear off the body, causing extensive damage. Though rare, this typically requires welding reinforcement plates to repair the body.

-Rear trailing arm bushings can wear in as little as 50k miles, although there is debate on whether this is a fault or regular maintenance issue. Symptoms of bad trailing arm bushings include side movement of the rear end under acceleration, general looseness of the rear over bumps, and abnormal tire wear. United Bimmer has a DIY for this item. In a handful of isolated cases, the threaded holes for the console's 3 mounting bolts fatigued, allowing the console portion of the arm to break away from the car body.

-Some E36’s may experience unusual wear along the outer edge of the front tires. This is resolved by replacing the upper strut to hub mounting bolt with an “E36 camber correction bolt”. It’s smaller in diameter than the standard bolt, allowing for ½ degree of camber adjustment. However, the dealer may not know what you’re referring to, as the documentation on this part (#07 11 99 00 58 7) is very sketchy. Internet rumor has it that there are some sort of legal implications to this issue???

Electrical / Electronics:

-DME compartment flooding is a common problem for model years up to ’94. Symptoms are hard starting or no start condition after heavy rain or a car wash. Insufficient drainage allows water to collect in the intake plenum cowl for the heating/AC, and overflows into the DME compartment. BMW issued a service bulletin with an easy fix for the situation.

-Earlier E36’s had issues regarding defective ignition coils from Zundspule and Bemis. They were replaced with Bosch coils. If you still have the older brands installed, replace them right away. Cracked coils can seriously damage the ECU.

-Corrosion on electrical harnesses, particularly 2 and 3pin sensor wires, can result in erroneous readings and trigger warning lamps. Certain plug connections have a rectangular seal which comes off unnoticed, allowing debris to enter and raise the electrical resistance in the circuit, triggering a false warning. Often these problems are misdiagnosed. Some tin plated contacts have been replaced with gold by dealerships over the years to alleviate these issues. Problems include, but not limited to, oil level/pressure warning lamps, camshaft sensor, coolant level/temp sensors, incorrect fuel gauge & speedometer readings, and brake light warnings. Contact cleaner works well as a preventative measure.

-Voltage regulators typically fail on 318’s fitted with Valeo alternators. The regulator can be replaced separately.

-Power windows sometimes behave erratically, moving up or down only in 1” increments. This is attributed to a magnet on the motor shaft falling out of position. The magnet can be moved back into position to correct this problem.

-A failing comfort relay causes the windows and sunroof to stop working inexplicably.

-In rare instances, owners have reported major wire chafing in the trunk harness, causing interior and exterior lighting failures and numerous blown fuses. Visually inspect this harness from time to time to be on the safe side.

-E36's with M42 engine and manual transmissions were recalled by BMW North America for incorrect routing of the oxygen sensor wiring harness. The wire could stretch and break, disconnecting it from the DME, and triggering the check engine light.

-A capacitor failure in the climate control module prevents the blower from operating while the AC compressor is engaged. The lights on the control module will also dim or go out completely. Fortunately, someone has figured out how to fix this without buying a new module.

-Glass breakage sensors on stock alarms supplied by Alpine can false trigger at times when the interior cabin temperature is high.

-Radio problems have been reported, most regarding dimmed or no backlighting. This is a dealer fix, but a better alternative is to replace the radio altogether.

-On some E36’s, most notably the ’95 M3, a faulty circuit in the safety relay can activate the hazard flashers and unlock the doors while going over bumps in the road.

-The heater element on heated seats often fails and needs replacement.

-Brake light switch failures are common, although there is debate on whether this is a quality control issue. Replacement is fairly easy.

Interior/Exterior Fit and Finish:

-Inadequate water drainage and/or rust proofing on some models causes rusting at the bottom of the front passenger side fender where it meets the door.

-Brake ducts on earlier models were poorly attached and can be dislodged or fall off. This also damages or breaks off the external temperature sensor, which is attached inside the duct.

-Early fog lamp lenses crack due to temperature related stresses, a warranty fix.

-Some dashboards bulge up at the center air vent. Inadequate adhesion causes delamination problems on door panels. Midrange and tweeter speaker trim cracks are also common.

-Glove boxes can sag over time, there is a fix for this problem.

-Rear door noises on ’96 and later saloons are attributed to the type of rubber used on the door trim seals.

-Sunroof and rear parcel shelf rattles are common. Replacing certain parts in the sunroof mechanism fixes the noise, and you can support the rear deck with some foam stuffing to eliminate the rattle.

-Plastic headlight covers dull or get foggy. A number of compounds and polishes have been known to yield good results, but ultimately they ought to be replaced with the European glass units.

[SAM_328ISE]

water seems to be geeting into the boot and dripping onto battery tray / cover.

dont know if this a common problem but it drivin me crazy haha :D

[Snypa-D]

water seems to be geeting into the boot and dripping onto battery tray / cover.

dont know if this a common problem but it drivin me crazy haha :D

Leaking around the rear lights then mate !!

[SAM_328ISE]

whats best way to stop it mate???? boot seals??

[Snypa-D]

I cant guarantee its coming through the back lights,but my gf's ex car (not a BM) did the same so i took them out,siliconed around where the seals sat and put them back on again......result : no more wet boot !! So its not a hard an fast answer but its a good place to start :)

[SAM_328ISE]

ok cheers mate i shall have a look into it and see what i can find

[Jaye36]

Hi all, im new to the bmw scene and not familiar with common problems just yet. My parking lights are not working but my rear indicators,reverse lights and brakes lights are grand,even the number plate light. What could this be? the bulbs were checked and they are grand.

any advice much appreciated.

[Guest Mister Dabsy]

Has to be a wire/connector fault :huh:

[G4VHD]

Has to be a wire/connector fault :huh:

More likely a fuse/relay failing

[Guest Mister Dabsy]

Could be Gav, but if it was that he may not get dash back-lights also...

[G4VHD]

Could be Gav, but if it was that he may not get dash back-lights also...

What??...why would the dash illumination be on the same feed as parking lights?

[Guest Mister Dabsy]

Are we talking about the indicator stalk marker or when you turn the dial to side-lights?

Why not, Gav? Every other car works the same.

Dash back-lights are automatically on with side-lights :mellow:

[G4VHD]

Are we talking about the indicator stalk marker or when you turn the dial to side-lights?

Why not, Gav? Every other car works the same.

Dash back-lights are automatically on with side-lights :mellow:

Indicator stalk marker as I got it, as parking lights would be on when ignition is off only.

So would have to have a separate feed, or else dash light would stay on too.

[Guest Mister Dabsy]

Well, you're right if it is the stalk marker which is the issue ;)

This is controlled by the LCM/GCM, and separate feed... But I think he meant full side-lights ! :unsure:

[Shi]

Have a 1992 320i, literally overnight it's using far more fuel than it was. A few months ago it had a choked fuel filter, which has been replaced, but... now this. What is a likely cause, and what do I need to do (or ask my mechanic to do)?

[Joseph James]

Have you checked all fuel pipes/hoses for any leaks or corrosion?

[romanticrede36]

hi all just got my self an e36 328i and the steering wheel wont lock just keeps moving up and down the height adjustment do any one know how to fix it or what parts i need to fix it

[doublesix]

Hey All! I drive an e36 316i compact (se); 2000 model. Got it last may: got headgasket,cracked cooling waterpump and, radiator replaced since I got it last May (did seem to have been serviced properly by previous owner..) but, she runs real well.

Recently noticed a small oily fluid paddle below the engine. Would anybody know what this can be, please?..

[doublesix]

Did NOT seem to have been... (I meant)

[MarkB]

Helpful. Thankfully, the 1996 323I Coupe I've recently bought has none of the above, although there is evidence of a shiny, recently installed radiator. Relieved.

[Laurenceb]

Hi, Just joined `the club` and have been reading with interest the various problems and fixes. There is some reference to knocking noises but I`m not really any the wiser, so here is the thing, I`ve got a 1999 323i touring and there is a knocking noise which happens intermittently, there doesn`t seem to be any pattern to it`s occurrence except it doesn`t happen when driving in a smooth straight line. I have had all the undercarriage inspected visually and nothing looks amiss, I had the drop links replaced as many people said that was probably the cause but it`s made no difference. Can anyone help? thank you.

[Laurenceb]

Oh and forgot to say when driving the car it sounds like the noise is coming from just in front of me and below a bit and on the right hand side of the car

[klenzza]

this happened on another car of mine and it was trackrod ends if it helps

[Nathan_E36]

I have a E36 320i and there are 3 things that i cant find on the net how to do. Firstly one of my fog light clips are broken and the fog light will not click in, causing it to hang. secondly the brake duct has fallen off (ive heard this is common) and thirdly (i apologize, i dont know the correct term) the floor underneath the fog light and brake duct. The screws have been ripped off when i had been doing 60-70mph causing it to hang. Ive had to tie it for now but need a permanent fix.

Im sorry if this is in the wrong section of the forum or something, im sort of new to this. if anyone has any tutorials and recommended parts for sale that involves the above then i would really appreciate it!

Thanks!

[scottjbanks1978]

where do i start, failed handbrake, rear window demister, parking sensor, fuel sensor, ignition sensor and now rusting arches looking forward to trying a merc.